T E X T
Walls, dreams and genocide: Zelensky invokes history to rally support.
He told U.S. lawmakers that he had a dream, invoking Martin Luther King Jr. to describe Ukraine’s fight against the Russian invasion. He said to the British Parliament that his country would fight until the end, in forests and fields, a vow resonant of Winston Churchill’s exhortations against Nazism. To members of the German Parliament he spoke of a new wall dividing Europe, echoing the Berlin Wall of the Cold War.
The passionate speeches, delivered remotely by President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine in his now-ubiquitous military-issue shirt, are part of a vigorous rhetorical effort to rally international support — for arms, or aid to his country, or sanctions against Russia.
Mr. Zelensky, a former comedian who ran a populist campaign to become president in 2019, is no stranger to performing, and his social-media missives and speeches have transformed him into a global symbol of his country’s resistance to Russian aggression. The allusions, metaphors and allegories made by Mr. Zelensky point to a tailored strategy to emotionally appeal to nations and institutions and their histories.
Mr. Zelensky’s soaring appeal to Congress, which prompted a standing ovation, framed Ukraine’s fight against Russia as a battle to preserve democracy, freedom and the rule of law, calling on the United States’ image of itself as a leader of the free world to defend those values.
Russia’s attack, Mr. Zelensky said, was a brutal offensive “against our freedom, against our right to live freely in our own country, choosing our own future, against our desire for happiness, against our national dreams — just like the same dreams you have, you Americans.”
He implored lawmakers to remember two moments of American trauma that involved assaults from the sky to empathize with Ukrainians fleeing missiles: Pearl Harbor and the terror attacks of Sept. 11, 2001.
He evoked the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. to request antimissile defense systems, aircraft and a “no-fly” zone above Ukraine, a step that NATO allies have rebuffed, fearing it would escalate the war with Russia. “I can say I have a need. I need to protect our sky. I need your decision, your help, which means exactly the same, the same you feel when you hear the words, ‘I have a dream.’” he said.
Mr. Zelensky capped the speech with a direct appeal to President Biden, tailoring his words to appeal to the United States’ role on the global stage. “Being the leader of the world means to be the leader of peace,” he said.
British lawmakers earlier this month invited the Ukrainian leader for the first ever speech in the House of Commons by a foreign leader. He took advantage of the address to quote Shakespeare and align himself and his cause with Winston Churchill, Britain’s leader during World War
Ukrainians needed to defend their country against the Russians, just as Britons did against Nazism, Mr. Zelensky said. He vowed his country would never surrender to Russian tanks. “We will fight till the end, at sea, in the air,” Mr. Zelensky said in front of the Ukrainian flag, echoing the phrasing of Mr. Churchill in a famous wartime speech: “We will fight in the forests, in the fields, on the shores, in the streets.”
In his address to the Bundestag last week, Mr. Zelensky urged Germany to take stronger action against Russia, casting the decision as a metaphorical division between building or demolishing a wall — harkening back to the Cold War, an emotional period for Germans. “You are like behind the wall again. Not the Berlin Wall but in the middle of Europe, between freedom and slavery,” he said. “And this wall grows stronger with each bomb that falls on our land, on Ukraine,” he said.
He called for an embargo on trade with
Russia, saying that its ability to keep trading, and keeping Ukraine from joining the European Union, was helping Moscow fortify this metaphorical wall.
With Canada, Mr. Zelensky mixed a personal, first-name appeal to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau with apocalyptic images of a Canada at war.
In his address to Canadian lawmakers, Mr. Zelensky referred to the country’s leader simply as “Justin.” And to help them understand Ukraine’s experience, he said, he painted a vivid image of Canadian cities and landmarks under attack.
He asked lawmakers to envision Canadian flags replaced by Russian ones, Toronto’s CN tower being destroyed by Russian missiles and schools being burned down. “This is our reality,” he said.
He thanked Canada for its support, but said that what he really wanted was for the country to help bring about a no-fly zone in the skies above Ukraine and to force more companies to leave the Russian market.
From: www.nytimes.com/March 21, 2022
QUESTIONS
QUESTÃO 78
According to the article, the president of Ukraine has become a/an
leader of the free world.
unique defender of democracy in Europe.
symbol of Ukrainian resistance to the Russian invasion.
American ally to defend environmental causes.
Gabarito 1 | C |
Gabarito 2 | D |
Gabarito 3 | A |
Gabarito 4 | B |
Resolução
A questão pergunta – Segundo o Texto o presidente da Ucrânia tem/ se tornou um…
No terceiro parágrafo, o autor afirma que o Sr. Zelensy, um ex- comediante, que chego ao poder com uma campanha populista, se transformou em um símbolo global de resistência, diante do ataque Russo.
QUESTÃO 79
While speaking at the House of Commons, Mr. Zelensky used the opportunity to
appeal to Canada’s Prime Minister.
quote the famous playwright William Shakespeare.
phrase Abraham Lincoln’s defense of democracy.
praise the Russian people.
Gabarito 1 | B |
Gabarito 2 | C |
Gabarito 3 | D |
Gabarito 4 | A |
Resolução
No nono parágrafo, o autor relata que o presidente ucraniano ao se tornar o primeiro estrangeiro a discursar na câmara dos comuns, aproveitou a oportunidade para citar Willian Shakespere ( famoso autor britânico) e alinha a sua causa a de Winston Churcill, o líder britânico durante a segunda guerra mundial.
QUESTÃO 80
By evoking Luther King’s speech, Mr. Zelensky requested, among other things,
the support of European leaders for more arms.
the building of a new dividing wall.
antimissile defense systems from US.
peace negotiations with US representatives.
Gabarito 1 | C |
Gabarito 2 | B |
Gabarito 3 | A |
Gabarito 4 | D |
Resolução
No sétimo parágrafo, o autor afirma que o presidente Zelensky, evocou Martin Luther King, como sua famosa frase “I have a dream…” – para pedir por sistemas de defesa antimísseis
QUESTÃO 81
In his speech to the German Parliament, the Ukrainian president
mentioned the Pearl Harbor attack.
promised to protect forests and fields.
threatened Polish allies.
called for an embargo on trade with Russia.
Gabarito 1 | D |
Gabarito 2 | B |
Gabarito 3 | C |
Gabarito 4 | A |
Resolução
No parágrafo 12, o autor afirma que o Zelensky pediu o embargo ao comercio com a Rússia, em seu discurso no parlamento Alemão.
QUESTÃO 82
One of the American historical moments
President Zelensky referred to in his speech to Congress was
John Kennedy’s assassination.
the terror attacks of September 11.
the Independence War.
the Civil War.
Gabarito 1 | B |
Gabarito 2 | A |
Gabarito 3 | D |
Gabarito 4 | C |
Resolução
No sexto parágrafo, o autor afirma que o presidente ucraniano para gerar empatia nos legisladores americanos, para como os ucranianos fugindo dos ataques aéreos, pediu que estes se lembrassem de dois momentos históricos onde os a americanos sofreram com ataques aéreos
O ataque terrorista de 11 de setembro, 2001
- O Ataque a Pearl Harbor.
QUESTÃO 83
As to Mr. Zelensky’s request of a no-fly zone above Ukraine,
NATO allies have declined.
European lawmakers have not decided yet.
the German Parliament will decide soon.
South American countries rejected it.
Gabarito 1 | A |
Gabarito 2 | D |
Gabarito 3 | B |
Gabarito 4 | C |
Resolução
No sétimo parágrafo o autor afirma que o Presidente Zelensky, solicitou uma zona de exclusão aérea sob a Ucrânia, e que está medida foi rejeitada pela OTAN e seus aliados.
QUESTÃO 84
In his passionate speeches, the Ukrainian President tries to:
get help to his country and sanctions against Russia.
fight against Nazism.
criticize Eastern countries.
rally the invasion of Russia by Western nations.
Gabarito 1 | A |
Gabarito 2 | C |
Gabarito 3 | D |
Gabarito 4 | B |
Resolução
No segundo parágrafo, o autor afirma que em seus discursos apaixonados, realizado de forma remota, o presidente Zelensky, vestindo sua onipresente, camiseta militar, compõe um esforço vigoroso para conseguir o apoio internacional – seja bélico, ajuda humanitária em seu país ou em sanções contra a Rússia
QUESTÃO 85
It is stated in the text that President Zelensky’s strategy of using allusions, references to each country’s history in his speeches is meant to A) highlight the fact that each country is different.
make the world hate Russians.
generate a sense of distrust among nations.
trigger an emotional response in the audience.
Gabarito 1 | D |
Gabarito 2 | A |
Gabarito 3 | B |
Gabarito 4 | C |
Resolução
No terceiro parágrafo, o autor afirma que o uso de metáforas e alegorias, feitas pelo senhor Zelensky, formam uma estratégia feita sob medida, para criar gatilhos de apelo emocional nas nações e instituições ,
